PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.